Basically, the word cooperation, in different societies, is a comprehensive concept that includes a mutual relationship between an individual to individual, the individual to a group or a group to another group and its application is not time and location bound. In fact cooperation conveys a kind of collective interaction that supplies the needs and benefits of the individual members and mankind, disregarding political concerns, is in need of it. The existence of an assortment of political, economical, social and cultural organizations in different societies and on the international scale is a clear and lively evidence of this social and historical need of modem man. However, different political and economical systems have treated the subject according to their own views to the extent that in capitalist systems, cooperation is based on economical liberalism in which the individual's freedom of action without the government's interference is advocated; while, in socialist systems, with the view of communal production, cooperative economy is considered as a governmental and pre-arranged economy. In the Islamic system cooperative economy is also considered as one of the important economical basis and has been emphasized in many aspects. However, in practice, cooperation has not received a remarkable STATUS in Islamic countries. The aim of this study is to outline the position and the role of cooperation in economical and social systems and its effect on the political economy governing the societies leading them toward a dynamic or static operation of them, since sound geographical interpretation can not be obtained in the darkness of ignorance. The research hypotheses that form the basis of the aims of this study are as follows:   ·         From the historical point of view, the cooperation sector has always been one of the most suitable methods of man's cultural adaptation to his environment, on the one hand, and the mutual solution to the problems of human societies, on the other hand.  ·         Despite economical, social and technological developments of man and most importantly the supremacy of governmental and private sectors on the economy of the societies, the cooperation sector is still considered as an important human trend in economy and society. ·         Concerning the different views of governmental, economical and political systems governing the societies, the cooperation sector has been more successful in the systems which give it more freedom and where the government doesn't interfere with its activities. The method of research in this study is mainly based on the analytical comparative method. It is analytical because the plan provides the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the phenomena and their relationship with each other and it is comparative because it puts special importance op the similarities and differences that are in big social unit. The main results of this study are indicative of the fact that cooperation and corporation of human being in different social and economical spheres, in theirs traditional and modem's forms, have' always been influential. However, its traditional form has experienced disintegration in the process of economical, social and technological developments but the semi modem and modem forms of it are still playing important roles in the social economy, having benefited form the past experiences and having undergone the necessary alterations. In the meanwhile this important component in the economical systems is based on the non interference of the governments in the direct form and giving proportionate freedom to the activities of corporations which brings about remarkable success for it. It seems that if we want to consolidate the role and the STATUS of cooperation in the society it is urgent to prepare the ground for collective cooperation of different social groups in the process of decision making, planning, execution and supervision on corporation activities and government should maintain its supervisory and supportive role.      

This research article examines legal discrimination against children born out of wedlock in Iran. Despite laws promoting equality, societal attitudes influenced by beliefs continue to result in discrimination. The study explores the reconciliation of religious beliefs with legal frameworks and the changes made to the Iranian legal system in response to positive human rights developments. The Article seeks to bridge the research gaps by comparing the experiences of Iranian children with those in other countries affected by Islamic law. The study employs library sources and descriptive and historical research methods to examine the legal STATUS of children born outside of marriage, both nationally and internationally, and the discrimination they face. The Article is structured into four distinct sections: an analysis of Islamic Law, a review of the Iranian legal system, an assessment of Iran's compliance with international conventions, and a discourse on the necessity of substantial positive change. The Article ultimately recommends the eradication of discrimination through heightened awareness and the advancement of inclusivity for all children, irrespective of their lineage. In summary, this research Article aims to shed light on legal challenges faced by children born outside of marriage in Iran, with the goal of promoting positive changes in their treatment.

Background: Early and late menopauses result in various physical and mental complications. On the other hand, family health primarily depends on mothers' health. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the social factors related to age of natural menopause in Zahedan.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 300 menopausal women in Zahedan during 2008.Subjects were randomly selected from 38 health centers. The sampling was started from a random point near each health center continued until 13 appropriate individuals were selected from every center. The data were collected by interviews with women. Data analysis was conducted in SPSS using independent t test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and principal component analysis.Findings: This study showed mean±SD and median age of menopause as 47.3±6.3 and 48 years, respectively.The socioeconomic and menstrual-reproductive factors that were significantly related to early mean age of menopause were celibacy (44.6 years, P=0.04), low income level (45.3 years, P=0.043), low social class (45.2 years, P=0.048), and smoking (45.8 years, P=0.039).Conclusion: In addition to genetic and menstrual-reproductive factors, social factors especially socioeconomic factors can also affect the age of natural menopause. Since of menopause is related with some diseases, complications and mortality among women, this phenomenon should be noticed as an epidemiological issue in societies and early menopause should be prevented.

Purpose: Clustering and co-word analysis is a method to reveal relationships and links and illustrate the intellectual structure of a scientific field. This research tries to study the intellectual structure of articles in the field of futures studies in Iran by using the technique of co-word analysis. Method: The current research is a descriptive-analytical development with a scientometric approach. The statistical population is 921 articles retrieved records in the field of futures studies. Findings: The findings showed that articles in the field of futures studies in Iran are often associated with positive growth, and in terms of frequency, the keywords scenario, Islamic Republic, and foresight are the most frequent in futures studies. The findings related to the hierarchical clustering led to the formation of 8 clusters in this field, namely "ICT visions", "geographers who love the future", "knowledge development", " Futuristic higher education", "Future of Religion", "Regional Relations", "Strategic Foresight" and "Heavy Weight of Method". Conclusion: According to the findings of the current research and the high frequency of the keyword scenario, as well as the density and relationships of this keyword with other keywords, it can be concluded that the scenario is the dominant approach in futures studies. Also, according to the resulting clusters, it was observed that these researches have a high variety, but addressing the future in many areas is still neglected.

Aim: of this study to compare coping styles in students having high and low emotional intelligence and examining emotional intelligence and coping styles in high and low SOCIO-ECONOMICAL classes. Method: was expose facto and samples were 356 students in third grade of high school in Tehran, that were selected using multi-step cluster sampling. Participate in this study responded to questionnaire measuring coping styles (Roger and Najarian, 1993), personal characteristics and emotional intelligence (Bradberry, Griaves, 2004). Oneway analysis of variance, Pearson correlation test, t student test, Tukey posthon test, and blocked analysis of variance were used. Results: indicated that using rational and detached coping styles in students having high emotional intelligence is more than students having low emotional intelligence. The rate of using avoidance coping style in students having high and low emotional intelligence had no difference. The amount of using emotional coping style in students having low emotional intelligence was higher. The results also indicated that emotional intelligence was higher in students a longing high SOCIO-ECONOMICAL class than low soinse conomiced class. Using rational coping style in both classes made no difference. However using detached coping style was reported more in the higher class and using avoidance and emotional coping style was reported more in the low class. Conclusion: It must be mentioned that SOCIO-ECONOMICAL class had no significant effect on the relations between emotional intelligence and coping style. Additionally, results of the present study indicated that external factors such as SOCIO-ECONOMICAL STATUS and intrinsic factors like emotional intelligence influence of coping styles and such variables have Closely related to each other and with SOCIO-ECONOMICAL Staley.

Background: Exercise increase the production of free radicals and lipid peroxides which result in oxidative injury and consequently tissue damage.It is suggested that vitamin C and E could decrease the increased level of lipid peroxides. The aim of this research was to study antioxidant vitamins intake in athlete women who attended in aerobic sport saloon in two different socio-economic regions in Isfahan.Methods: In this descriptive study 99 athlete women aged 15-50 years were selected by random sampling method. Nutritional information of the studied population was obtained by a 24 hours questionnaire for two consecutive days. Mean intake of vitamin C and E was measured and compared with RDA levels and in two studied groups from two regions. Collected data analyzed using SPSS and N4 software.Findings: Mean intake level of vitamin E in regions with high and low economic level was lower significantly than RDA level. Mean intake level of vitamin E in regions with high economic level was significantly higher than low economic level region (P=0.033). Mean intake level of vitamin C in regions with high and low economic level was higher significantly than RDA level. There was no significant difference in the level of vitamin C in two studied regions (P=0.098).Conclusion: Our findings indicated low intake level of vitamin E among athlete women, which emphasize the necessity of developing appropriate strategies to improve vitamin E intake among this group of population.

Introduction: The incidence of End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) varies markedly according to the age, race and sex of the population as well as the geographical characteristics of the place where they live. Low socio-economic STATUS is associated withthe occurrence of several different chronic diseases, but evidenceregarding renal disease is scant. This study was performed to determine the relationship between the level of patient’s family education and income with the etiology of ESRD.Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 62 patients (30 Boys and 32 Girls) with chronic renal failure who were under dialysis treatment. A control group consisting of 400 students was also enrolled in the study. Socioeconomic data were obtained from both groups by using a questionnaire. Meanwhile, the cause of renal failure and the kind of dialysis were also determined for the patients. Socioeconomic features were compared in both the patients and the control group by using student T-Test, Chi-square, Fisher Exact Test and logistic regression analysis.Results: In the dialysis group, there were remarkably more children from families with either one parent or without any supervisor, as compared with the control group) P<0.001).The level of family education in the dialysis group and control group was 10.6 and 13.3 years of schooling, respectively (P<0.001). Dialysis patients were either tenants or were living in houses smaller than the control group’s (P<0.001). In addition, the household’s monthly income for the case group was lower than that of the control group and only 3% of the patients were living in the socioeconomic areas of high classes (P<0.001).Conclusion: The dialysis patients’ families had lower socioeconomic level in comparison with the healthy population. The high prevalence of ESRD in these families may be related to the lack of access to hygienic facilities, the parents’ lack of sufficient knowledge and inattentiveness which may lead to delayed diagnosis of the disease, and incomplete treatment of the primary disease which may, in turn, develop ESRD.